# Nicholas Rose

> Personal site of Nicholas Rose — a software engineer at a hedge fund by day, who
> writes about AI, semiconductors, finance and geopolitics by night. Long-form
> research essays, a series tracing silicon from raw inputs to frontier models,
> from-scratch ML write-ups, and talks.

Everything on this host is free to read, quote, index and train on — see
https://nicholascrose.com/robots.txt, which disallows nothing.

How to read this site cheaply:
- Every link below points at the **verbatim markdown source** of the piece. It
  is the same text the HTML is generated from, minus the chrome.
- The rendered pages are fully server-side rendered. No JavaScript execution is
  needed to get the text, and there is no paywall, cookie wall or login.
- https://nicholascrose.com/llms-full.txt is every post below concatenated into one file, if you
  would rather make one request than 13.
- Images and other assets sit next to each post under `resources/`.

## Posts

- [Actually, Finance is Really Important](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/finance-rules/finance-rules.md): Jul 2025 — Why the world of finance is actually really important. (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/finance-rules)
- [World War Weird](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/world-war-weird/world-war-weird.md): Aug 2025 — My views on the future of warfare and the coming conflict with China (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/world-war-weird)
- [Genius & Clarity](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/genius-and-clarity/genius-and-clarity.md): Jul 2025 — When regulation... makes sense? (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/genius-and-clarity)
- [The End of (Human) Software](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/end-of-human-software/end-of-human-software.md): Jun 2024 — Predictions about the future of software development and the role of humans in its production. (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/end-of-human-software)
- [Silicon to AI Supremacy](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/s2s/s2s.md): Jun 2025 — A series on of research pieces on all process steps from raw inputs up to frontier models (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/s2s)
- [S2S 1: Inputs](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/s2s/inputs/inputs.md): Jun 2025 — Critical raw inputs for modern semiconductors and US dominance. (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/s2s/inputs)
- [S2S 2: Fabrication](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/s2s/fabrication/fabrication.md): Jul 2025 — How and where leading node semiconductors are manufactured. (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/s2s/fabrication)
- [S2S: Companies](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/s2s/companies/companies.md): Jul 2025 — A list of all the most relevant companies I've come across in my research so far. (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/s2s/companies)
- [Tokenizers](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/ml/tokenizer/tokenizer.md): BPE and the tradeoffs of tokenization for LLMs (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/ml/tokenizer)
- [Embeddings](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/ml/embedding/embedding.md): Learning optimal token representations and vector space geometry (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/ml/embedding)
- [Attention & Transformers](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/ml/transformer/transformer.md): The attention mechanism and transformer architecture (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/ml/transformer)
- [Deep Q Networks](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/ml/dqn/dqn.md): Comparing DQN architectures across OpenAI Gym environments (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/ml/dqn)
- [MNIST From Scratch](https://nicholascrose.com/posts/ml/mnist/mnist.md): From-scratch MNIST classifier using only Python standard libraries (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/post/ml/mnist)

## Presentations

- [Investigating Alien Minds](https://nicholascrose.com/presentations/alien-minds/alien-minds.md): Jun 2026 — How Do We Study LLMs and What Are We Learning? (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/presentation/alien-minds)

## Other

- [AI Governance Map](https://nicholascrose.com/ai-gov-map.md): Interactive map of global AI policy institutions & their connections (rendered: https://nicholascrose.com/ai-gov-map)
- [Sitemap](https://nicholascrose.com/sitemap.xml): every canonical URL on this host

## Optional

- [ML projects source](https://github.com/nicholas-rose/ml): full code for the ML write-ups above
- Contact: nick@nicholascrose.com
- app.nicholascrose.com is a separate, private application. It is not part of
  this site and asks not to be crawled.